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Phoenix (plant)
''Phoenix'' is a genus of 14 species of palms, native to the Canary Islands east across northern and central Africa, the extreme southeast of Europe (Crete), and southern Asia from Turkey east to southern China and Malaysia.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕 The diverse habitats they occupy include swamps, deserts, and mangrove sea coasts. Most ''Phoenix'' species originate in semiarid regions, but usually occur near high groundwater levels, rivers, or springs. The genus is unusual among members of the subfamily Coryphoideae, with it and ''Arenga'' being the only ones with pinnate, rather than palmate leaves.〔Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) ''An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms''. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-558-6 / ISBN 978-0-88192-558-6〕 The generic name derives from (unicode:φοῖνιξ) (''phoinix'') or (unicode:φοίνικος) (''phoinikos''), the Greek word for the date palm used by Theophrastus and Pliny the Elder. It most likely referred to the Phoenicians; Phoenix, the son of Amyntor and Cleobule in Homer's ''Iliad''; or the phoenix, the sacred bird of Ancient Egypt. The palms were more numerous and widespread in the past than they are at present.
==Description==
This genus is mostly medium to robust in size, but also includes a few dwarf species; trunks are solitary in four species, suckering and clumped in nine, of which one has a prostrate ground trunk. Many of the trunked species do not form above-ground stems for several years. The pinnate leaves, 1–6 m long, all share the common feature of metamorphosed lower-leaf segments into long, vicious spines (acanthophylls). The leaves have short or absent petioles and possess the rare feature among pinnate palms of induplicate (V-shaped) leaflets. The plants are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants; pollination is by both wind and insect. The flowers are inconspicuous yellowish-brown and about 1 cm wide, but grouped on conspicuous large multibranched panicles 30–90 cm long. The inflorescence emerges from a usually boat-shaped, leathery bract, forming large, pendent clusters. ''Phoenix'' fruit develops from one carpel as a drupe, 1–7 cm long, yellow to red-brown or dark purple when mature, with one elongated, deeply grooved seed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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